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Indigenous Chukotka peoples have not had collective forms of education. Children have been raised solely by families. They were surrounded with care and attention; birth considered to be an important event.
The Chukchee and the Koryakee chose a name for a child through reading fortunes with the help of a suspended stone or another article. In case of serious disease a child’s or adult’s name could be changed to deceive a spirit of disease. Another name was accounting distinguishing features of the person. Nicknames were also common.
A person’s age in time units did not determine a social status. Children age was described by the faculties in the following ways: "a child stated walking", "is hunting birds with a toy-bow" (5-6 years) and "is going for hunt" (11-13 years).
Children could do anything that was allowed for adults, in accordance with their abilities. The unification of rules for children and adults excluded non-motivated bans providing for efficient raising and skills teaching. The downside of such equality - early smoking and drinking problems – has appeared with the civilization advance.
Actually, the traditional raising and teaching was based on the meeting of children's psychological need to copy the behavior of adults. Traditional crafts – housekeeping, cookery and sewing were introduced to them in 4-5 years age. Toys often copied various facilities and devices (a bow or a noose). Children got own real hunting devices relatively early.
Spiritual life started in the early childhood. Children ere told fairy-tales, legends, puzzles, tongue-twisters and participated in celebrations and rituals.
The Chukchee and the Eskimo had own system of physical education for children and the youth including various exercises, for example, power lifting, running with weights attached to legs and other games. Men, women and children took part in sports competitions – deer races, shooting and fighting.
Popular pedagogic ensured the harmony of the traditional society unaware of specific "youth problems".
Physical adolescence was equal to the social one. Though early marriages were possible, commonly people got married between 16 and 20 years.
The 1950th saw the enactment of an odious ruling by the Chukotka Okruzhkom that required taking pregnant women away from tundra three months before giving birth. Children were placed in boarding schools and trained as deer herders and housewives. Only few of them returned to the traditional lifestyle having got education in the town. Elderly people told: "They can do nothing. They have not brought candles and can not do anything about it. They can’t even make yarangas".
As deer herding and seal fishery restart, the traditional lifestyle, which is getting milder due to the closeness of the civilization and the Autonomous Okrug support, is becoming more attractive for the youth that is returning to tundra, the "home."
The Chukchee and the Koryakee chose a name for a child through reading fortunes with the help of a suspended stone or another article. In case of serious disease a child’s or adult’s name could be changed to deceive a spirit of disease. Another name was accounting distinguishing features of the person. Nicknames were also common.
A person’s age in time units did not determine a social status. Children age was described by the faculties in the following ways: "a child stated walking", "is hunting birds with a toy-bow" (5-6 years) and "is going for hunt" (11-13 years).
Children could do anything that was allowed for adults, in accordance with their abilities. The unification of rules for children and adults excluded non-motivated bans providing for efficient raising and skills teaching. The downside of such equality - early smoking and drinking problems – has appeared with the civilization advance.
Actually, the traditional raising and teaching was based on the meeting of children's psychological need to copy the behavior of adults. Traditional crafts – housekeeping, cookery and sewing were introduced to them in 4-5 years age. Toys often copied various facilities and devices (a bow or a noose). Children got own real hunting devices relatively early.
Spiritual life started in the early childhood. Children ere told fairy-tales, legends, puzzles, tongue-twisters and participated in celebrations and rituals.
The Chukchee and the Eskimo had own system of physical education for children and the youth including various exercises, for example, power lifting, running with weights attached to legs and other games. Men, women and children took part in sports competitions – deer races, shooting and fighting.
Popular pedagogic ensured the harmony of the traditional society unaware of specific "youth problems".
Physical adolescence was equal to the social one. Though early marriages were possible, commonly people got married between 16 and 20 years.
The 1950th saw the enactment of an odious ruling by the Chukotka Okruzhkom that required taking pregnant women away from tundra three months before giving birth. Children were placed in boarding schools and trained as deer herders and housewives. Only few of them returned to the traditional lifestyle having got education in the town. Elderly people told: "They can do nothing. They have not brought candles and can not do anything about it. They can’t even make yarangas".
As deer herding and seal fishery restart, the traditional lifestyle, which is getting milder due to the closeness of the civilization and the Autonomous Okrug support, is becoming more attractive for the youth that is returning to tundra, the "home."
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